The supply chain system of automobile post market is divided into three main links: production, distribution and retail. Most parts manufacturers produce parts, which are distributed through multi-level wholesalers, and then arrive at all kinds of repair shops, which eventually sell them to consumers. This article mainly talks about some things about accessories.
At present, authorized parts are still the main channel of OEM, while unauthorized parts are mainly distributed in independent post market channels. The authorized channel level of the main engine factory is relatively small, and the authorized accessories directly flow into the 4S shop through the after-sales department of the main engine factory. In the independent market, the parts will flow into the various repair factories at the retail end only by multi-level wholesalers. 4S stores are the main channel of authorization for OEMs, while the retail end of non OEMs is more diversified.
About the types of accessories: there are many kinds of automobile accessories. According to the characteristics of maintenance, they can be divided into the following four categories:
1. Maintenance parts: replacement according to maintenance requirements, high versatility, relatively low technical requirements. For example: air conditioning filter, gasoline filter, oil filter, air filter, oil, brake oil, direction oil, automatic oil wave, coolant, etc
2. Vulnerable parts: they shall be replaced according to the driving mileage, with high universality and higher technical requirements than maintenance parts. For example: tire, wiper blade, fuse, battery, interior trim, clutch pad, brake pad, brake disc, etc
3. Faulty parts: these parts have a long design life cycle, but there is a possibility of failure. They are only replaced in the event of failure, so they have lower versatility and higher technical requirements. For example: clutch, engine, generator, etc
4. Accident parts: mainly replaced after the accident, with low universality and relatively high technical requirements. For example: headlights, bumpers, etc
In 2016, China's aftermarket parts accounted for 17% of maintenance, 19% of vulnerable parts, 23% of accidents and 41% of failures. Due to the high unit price and relatively frequent replacement of failed parts, the aftermarket parts accounted for a relatively high proportion.
The quality classification of accessories can be divided into:
Original parts: produced by the accessory manufacturer authorized by the main engine factory, with the logo of the main engine factory, with high quality and price.
0es parts: produced by authorized accessory manufacturers, with authorized trademark marks, with the same quality as the original factory, and the price is generally lower than 20% - 30% of the original factory.
Brand parts: produced by unauthorized parts manufacturers, with manufacturers, uneven quality level, price is generally more than 50% of the original factory.
Compared with China's independent after-sales parts market and other mature markets, there are many challenges in terms of spare parts at present:
1. The circulation system of authorized parts of non vehicle enterprises is very chaotic, the circulation information of parts is not clear, and it is difficult to monitor and supervise each link of circulation.
2. China's parts classification is not perfect, and consumers' awareness of different levels of parts still needs to be improved.
3. In the long run, the circulation level will be flattened, and multiple information will be opened through the standardized accessories database, so as to standardize the industry system and data information. But in the short term, this approach makes the market more complex.
Generally speaking, the immature market brings not only development challenges, but also corresponding development opportunities for market participants. With the economic growth, consumers' cognition of automobile is gradually mature. They focus on the whole life cycle of automobile, and pay attention to post market service issues such as holding cost, regional convenience, quality of spare parts, residual value, etc. Consumers' spending on after-sales services has been gradually increased; meanwhile, in order to protect their residual value of cars, their willingness to accept after market services has been enhanced.
